What distinguishes a "hard landing" from a "soft landing"?

A hard landing is defined by the nature of the aircraft's descent and touchdown on the runway. Specifically, it involves a rapid descent that results in the aircraft making contact with the ground with significant force or speed. This can lead to potential stresses on both the aircraft and its occupants, and in some cases may cause damage to the landing gear or structure of the plane.

In contrast, a soft landing is characterized by a gentler, more controlled touch down that minimizes the impact forces experienced by the aircraft and passengers. The difference in descent rates during these two types of landings is critical in aviation, as it can affect safety, comfort, and the overall performance of the aircraft.

Understanding this distinction helps pilots and crew members recognize the impacts of landing techniques, which is vital for ensuring passenger safety and maintaining the integrity of the aircraft.